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Bubble Curtains FAQ and Resources — Control of Eurasian Water Milfoil with ProcellaCOR FX
Science, Safety & Permitting
Evidence-based technical data and regulatory context for Québec stewards.
Frequently Asked Questions
What invasive species does ProcellaCOR FX target?
ProcellaCOR FX is authorized in Canada for the selective control of high-threat aquatic invasive plants. In-water targets include Eurasian Watermilfoil, Hybrid Milfoil, Variable Watermilfoil, Hydrilla, Parrot-feather, Water Chestnut, Yellow Floating Heart, and Water Soldier1. It is also registered for foliar application against Large-flower Primrose-willow and emerged Parrot-feather1.
Has ProcellaCOR FX been used in Canada?
Yes. The first Canadian lake treatment took place at Farlain Lake, Ontario, on September 6, 20232. As of early 2026, that remains the only Canadian lake treatment on record in our current reference base2. That makes the Farlain documentation especially important as a Canadian reference case for lake stewards reviewing ProcellaCOR FX in a local context. For Quebec, it is a useful Canadian precedent, but lake-level projects here still follow their own authorization pathway.
What is ProcellaCOR FX made of?
The active ingredient in ProcellaCOR FX is florpyrauxifen-benzyl3. That is the scientific name you will see in Health Canada’s registration materials and in the scientific literature on the product3, 4, 5. In practical terms, when you see florpyrauxifen-benzyl in the Canadian regulatory record, you are looking at the active ingredient associated with ProcellaCOR FX3.
Is it safe for humans and wildlife?
Yes. ProcellaCOR FX was granted “Reduced Risk” status by the EPA due to its promising toxicological profile6. It is considered practically non-toxic on an acute basis to bees, reptiles, fish, birds, and mammals6. Its unique method of action mimics a growth hormone found only in plants, specifically binding to different receptor proteins than older herbicides4, 6. In its registration decision (PRD2022-17), Health Canada concluded that environmental and health risks are acceptable when used as directed3.
What about drinking water safety?
Health Canada’s review found that exposures through drinking water do not pose a health risk3. The official label includes no restrictions on using treated water for domestic purposes, including drinking, cooking, swimming, or fishing1, 2. The product typically breaks down within 4 to 6 days through photolysis (by sunlight)6. Furthermore, it does not bioaccumulate or concentrate inside fish or clams6.
Will it kill our native “good” plants?
ProcellaCOR FX is highly selective, targeting invasive milfoils while sparing most native species7. While closely-related native species—such as Nuphar advena (Spatterdock)—can be affected if directly hit, inadvertent death is limited by precise and localised application. Indeed, because this herbicide diffuses poorly in dense plant beds, native species outside the treatment areas typically do not get in contact with ProcellaCOR FX. Furthermore, because the herbicide does not linger in the environment, native species are able to quickly rebound once the invasive mats are cleared5, 7.
How long does the product persist in the environment?
Health Canada classifies florpyrauxifen-benzyl (the active ingredient in ProcellaCOR FX) as non-persistent in water3. Aquatic field studies cited in the registration decision show half-lives in water on the order of hours, with residues falling below 1 µg/L within 1 day to 6 weeks depending on dose and water body3. Carryover to the following growing season is minimal, and the product does not bioaccumulate in fish or invertebrates3, 6.
On breakdown products specifically: Health Canada determined that the major transformation products of florpyrauxifen-benzyl are two to six orders of magnitude less toxic than the parent compound, and the agency dismissed them from further risk evaluation in its refined assessment on that basis3. The one exception is florpyrauxifen acid — the active acid form, which retains some herbicidal activity against milfoil. Its slower dissipation is part of what gives the treatment its multi-season efficacy. Health Canada determined that even this compound poses negligible risk to fish, amphibians, and mammals3.
On treatment zones and benthic habitat: ProcellaCOR FX is applied surgically to invasive milfoil beds, not to whole lakes. Treated areas typically represent a small fraction of total lake bottom and a much smaller fraction of the lake-scale benthic community that supports the fish food web. Treatment zones are also, by definition, areas already degraded by invasive monoculture: dense milfoil beds reduce light penetration, accumulate anoxic sediment, and suppress native plants and macroinvertebrates. The relevant comparison is not treated sediment versus pristine — it is treated sediment in a recovering bay versus untreated sediment locked under invasive monoculture indefinitely.
The Farlain Lake follow-up, now more than two years post-treatment, supports this picture: native plant communities returned and walleye populations were measured near carrying capacity2.
How widespread is the invasion in Québec province?
The spread of Eurasian watermilfoil in Québec is accelerating. As of early 2026, the presence of the species has been tracked in more than 220 water bodies across the province — up from 214 officially reported by MELCCFP in December 20248. Historical data confirms the invasion has spread from the St. Lawrence River to 14 of 17 administrative regions since the 1970s9.
Where can I start if I want to tackle Eurasian Watermilfoil in my lake?
The first step is to professionally document the infestation. The second step is to request a ministerial authorization for the project. If you are unsure that an authorization applies to your lake or situation, fill out this information request form: Demande de renseignements pour les autorisations environnementales et les permis ou certificats pour la vente et l’utilisation de pesticides.
Post-Treatment: What to Expect
Unlike older contact products that act as “chemical lawnmowers,” ProcellaCOR FX kills the entire plant crown over a 4–5 week period2.
Technical Reference Library
1. ProcellaCOR® FX Herbicide Restricted Product Label
Official Canadian label detailing target invasive aquatic vascular plants controlled via in-water and foliar applications.
2. ProcellaCOR FX Q&A from Farlain Lake Community Association, Ontario
Operational results and practical Q&A from the first Canadian application in Ontario, documenting 90%+ control efficacy.
3. Proposed Registration Decision PRD2022-17, Florpyrauxifen-benzyl, ProcellaCOR FX Herbicide
Authoritative Health Canada scientific review concluding that environmental and human health risks are acceptable when used as directed.
4. Sensitivity of 24 native and non-native aquatic plants to florpyrauxifen-benzyl
Peer-reviewed research on binding affinity and high efficacy against resistant biotypes.
5. Response of established Eurasian watermilfoil and native plants at low concentrations of florpyrauxifen-benzyl
Scientific confirmation of rapid systemic action and high selectivity in outdoor trials.
6. ProcellaCor EC Aquatic Toxicity Review (Vermont Agency of Natural Resources)
Detailed technical evaluation of ProcellaCOR’s impact on fish, invertebrates, and environmental fate. (Active ingredient shared with ProcellaCOR FX.)
7. Operational control of Eurasian watermilfoil and impacts to the native submersed aquatic macrophyte community in Lake Pend Oreille, Idaho
Field study documenting native community recovery and 90% reduction in invasive milfoil.
8. Lacs et cours d’eau du Québec où la présence du myriophylle à épis (Myriophyllum spicatum) a été rapportée – Décembre 2024
Official list of lakes and rivers in Québec where milfoil has been reported as of late 2024.
9. Historique de l’invasion du Québec par le myriophylle à épis (Jacob-Racine and Lavoie)
Historical reconstruction of the provincial milfoil invasion and regional progression since 1958.
Restore Your Lake’s Balance
We provide the expertise and data required for local stewards to restore their lake’s natural balance safely. Contact us for a project-specific technical assessment.